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开展“带法回家” 拓宽普法新路/林书设

时间:2024-07-12 15:44:28 来源: 法律资料网 作者:法律资料网 阅读:9371
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  开展“带法回家” 拓宽普法新路

  林书设 范功强 范爱金

  大田县地处闽中,为闽南“金三角”腹地,是三明市的南大门。县域总面积2294平方公里,地理结构为九山半水半分田,下辖18个乡(镇),262个行政村、8个居委会,总人口36万人,其中农村人口约占全县人口的85%。
  随着依法治国进程的不断推进和市场经济的不断发展,人民的利益格局和利益关系发生了根本的变化,法律成为调整人民利益关系的一个重要手段。然而,由于农村地域广、居住分散、农民文化素质低、接受能力差等共性原因,造成农村的普法工作相对滞后,广大农民群众的法律意识、法制观念比较淡薄,遇事不懂得寻求法律途径解决,有理无理都依赖于宗族势力的较量,致使各种矛盾纠纷层出不穷,严重影响社会的安定稳定。为此,如何有效地深化农村普法工作,增强广大农民群众的法律意识,提高广大农民群众的依法办事能力,减少各类矛盾纠纷,促进社会的安定稳定,已成为我县各级党委、政府积极研究探索的新课题。
  2001年,大田一中利用假期率先开展了学生“带法回家”活动,并取得较好的成效,近两年来,在县委、县政府的重视支持下,县综治、教育、司法行政几家联合,将大田一中的经验进行推广,在全县范围内广泛开展了假期学生“带‘法’回家”普法实践活动,通过让成千上万的学生充任“普法宣传员”,把法律知识传播到其所在家庭的区域中去,取得了非凡的效果,开拓出农村普法工作的新路子,有力地促进广大农民群众知法、守法、用法,有效地维护了农村社会的安定稳定。
  一、主要做法:
  (一)明确主题,制定方案
  学生“带法回家”是一项大规模、涉及社会方方面面的普法实践活动,必须做到精心组织、周密部署、分工合作、协调发展,才能达到预期目的。为此,近两年来,该县每年都召开几次会议,对该项活动进行认真研究,周密安排部署,并采取了以点带面、以小带大的方法,将这项活动从一所学校举行向全县各中学全面铺开。今年4月初,针对这项活动开展过程中存在的一些问题,又由县综治委、司法局、教育局牵头召开全县学生“带法回家”普法实践工作研讨会,参加的对象主要是全县各完中校长与政教处主任以及县委宣传部、团县委、文明办等单位,会上各方广泛交流了去年开展“学生带法回家”普法实践活动情况,并专题研讨《关于进一步深化学生“带法回家”普法实践活动的实施方案》,通过集中讨论、修改、补充、完善,增强了该《实施方案》的可操作性、针对性,各校在此基础上,又分别制定出符合各校实际的《实施方案》,为开展好学生“带法回家”活动打下了坚实基础。
  (二)搜集资料,努力找“法”
  要让学生带“法”回家,必须有“法”可带,这是整个活动的前提。为此,该县采取两条腿走路,一方面积极发动各校和学生自己找“法”,如大田一中等校针对本校实际和学生特点,收集资料编印了内容涉及禁毒、环保、打击“六合彩”等方面法律法规知识的宣传材料,特别是在6月26日召开全县打击“六合彩”公捕公判大会当天,通过高效的运作,完成了大会材料的收集、编印,27日就发到了即将离校的每位学生手上,使得打击“六合彩”公捕公判大会的宣传教育效果通过学生向更纵深层面扩展。另一方面组织专门力量深入基层了解各种类型公民的普法情况,收集、整理相关资料,编印出《学生“带法回家”法律宣传手册》分发给各校,使得学生“带法回家”活动具有更加显见的现实意义。
  (三)组织培训,提高素质
  各校均举办了多期学生干部培训(轮训)讲座,主要对象为学生会干部及各班班长、团支书、宣传委员和普法宣传组组长。学习的主要内容为中央“两办”《关于适应新形势,进一步加强和改进中小学德育工作的意见》,中央“两部”“四五”普法规划,省《社会治安综合治理工作纲要(试行)》,省教育厅《关于加强中学生社会实践活动管理工作的意见》,使广大学生干部明确中学生参加社会实践活动和回家实施“四五”普法工作的重要意义。为了让学生更好地完成这份工作,全县各中学还利用周末和晚上时间,利用校园电视网组织了多次培训活动,并邀请综治委、司法局、公安局、劳动局、公安消防大队、县妇联等有关部门的专业人员赴各校以专题讲座的形式辅导学生学法,给学生讲释法律条文,剖析典型案例,提高学生自身的法律素质。
  (四)誓师动员,明确目的
  为使学生齐心协力,步调一致,扎实搞好“带‘法’回家”活动,学校组织召开了以班级为单位的班会,对开展“带‘法’回家”活动的方式、步骤等事项进行了专题讨论,让同学们对“带‘法’回家”有明确的概念和目标。同时,各校还召开了学生“带‘法’回家”活动誓师大会,再次向同学们阐明“带‘法’回家”的目的和意义,激发同学们参加这项活动的热情,增强信心。
  (五)分组编队,确定职责
  为使“带‘法’回家”活动扎实、有序进行,收到较好效果,各校将学生分成若干个活动小组,以家庭住址邻近的同学自愿组合,每个小组一般为5—7名成员,从中民主推荐出一名责任心和组织能力较强的同学任组长,一名副组长,又按各人的写作、口才、书法、美工等专长做了大致分工,使每个小组都成为一个人尽其才、分工协作的队伍,同时他们还将4或5个小组编成一个队,这样若有小组遇到困难时可以互相帮助,在必要时也可以以队的形式开展活动。
  (六)讲求方式,开展宣传
  在普法宣传活动中,各宣传小组普遍采取了先行调查,摸清情况的办法,对所要宣传的对象进行摸底,从中掌握具体的民情、社情,尔后根据不同的情况精心设计各类不同的宣传题材和宣传形式,其做法主要有:
  1、入户宣传,以组为单位深入农村、厂矿、社区,走进家庭解答群众想知道的法律问题,遇有不能立即解答的问题逐个记录。回来后逐条查找法律资料或向有法律知识的当地干部、政法干警、行家讨教,再返回给群众解答。
  2、广播、墙报宣传,结合案例在村广播、宣传栏进行以案释法、法律小知识宣传。
  3、专题报告,在群众居住密集、容易集中的地方,通过召开专题报告会的形式,向广大群众做法制报告,并在专题报告后以公开问答的形式回答群众提出的问题。
  4、分发资料,在车站、闹区人流比较集中的地方设立宣传小站,把印有法律问答和法律基本常识的宣传单发放给行人或旅客。
  5、游园宣传,利用春节的喜庆气氛,开展春节游园法制小天地法律知识有奖竞猜、抢答等活动。
  (七)认真总结,注重效果
  新学期开学时,每位学生都要带着学校布置的“带法回家”作业回校报到:每个小组带回一份由家庭所在地单位或有关部门签署意见的《学生“带法回家”普法实践鉴定表》,每名学生上交一份参加“带法回家”普法实践活动的总结、汇报、感想或征文稿。在班级汇总交流后,各班再推选一个先进小组、三篇优秀文章参加全校评选,尔后由学校按初中段二篇、高中段每百人一篇的比例向县里推荐参加“与法同行”的征文比赛活动。各校及时召开全校性的“带法回家”普法实践成果汇报会,并对活动涌现出来的先进典型加以表彰。同时,各校就此还专门出版了各类的墙报、宣传栏,展示了学生在“带法回家”普法实践活动中所取得的丰硕成果。县有关部门也适时地对学生“带法回家”进行总结表彰,进一步巩固和提高了学生“带法回家”普法实践活动的效果。
  二、活动效果
  (一)推动了普法工作,促进了社会稳定
  该县的学生“带‘法’回家”普法实践活动被许多干群称为“大田县历史上规模最大”的一次普法宣传活动,放假期间,无论是乡村、厂矿还是城镇社区,处处都有中学生宣传法律的身影,全县所有单位的宣传栏、板报栏几乎都留下学生们宣传法律知识的字迹,一位政法干警感慨地说:“学生带‘法’回家,教育面大,影响深远,很有意义。”同时,由于学生要宣传法律,自身必须先学法律;要求别人守法,自己更要带头守法,所以这次活动也在一定程度上促使学生提高自身的法律素质。正如一位村干部所说:“往年放假学生闲着没事干,赌牌、酗酒、打架等事时有发生,现在中学生带了个好头,学生们忙着走家串户,上街宣传,假期闹事的少了很多。”大大地推动了普法工作,稳定了社会治安。
  (二)拓宽了教育渠道,构筑了“共育”工程
  “带‘法’回家”普法实践活动引导了许多学生为普法宣传向自己的父母、向当地的政法干警、行家乃至普遍百姓讨教,无形地调动社会各方来共同关注青少年健康成长,使教育进一步成为全社会的“共育”工程,为“共育”活动拓宽了渠道。学生们的普法宣传也给社会各界、有关部门和家长们带来了思考和启迪,大田一中高三年段的一位学生家长说:“这次活动内容很好,我们全家人成了孩子的第一批听众,也深受教育。从这件事,我们第一次感受到孩子长大了,有了社会责任感,我们更应该关心孩子。”
  (三)化解矛盾纠纷,促进了农村发展
  学生在社会实践中,发现了当前社会发展中存在着“一手硬、一手软”的弊病,更加明确青少年肩负的使命。赴文江乡小组在宣传《劳动法》后,原先拿不到工资的民工们在学生的指点下,以法律为武器,向老板索回了工钱;赴汉口村小组宣传了《婚姻法》后,一位屡受“家庭暴力”侵害的农妇勇敢地诉求离婚,施暴的丈夫听了《婚姻法》宣传后,也在乡干部面前忏悔,表示要痛改前非,请求妻子原谅……许多学生在汇报中写道:当我们用自己有限的法律知识为群众带来“实惠”、讨回“公道”而深受村民感激时,自己也就更明确了“治穷”要“治愚”、想“致富”要“懂法”的道理,改变了自己“两耳不闻窗外事,闭门只读圣贤书”的做法,树立了“人民让我学知识,我学知识为人民”的志向,懂得了怎样去创造人生的价值,怎样做一个高尚的人。一名中学生在感想中写道:为了印发材料,我们几乎花光了自己本来就不多的压岁钱,但却给群众带来了“法”的阳光,并借助法律化解了一次又一次的矛盾纠纷,看到他们脸上的笑容,听到他们的赞许话语,我们觉得很有价值。
  (四)提高了学生素质,培育了新型人才
  下乡宣传锻炼了学生,培养了他们创新的能力,使他们的聪明才智和各项专长都得到充分的展现,增强了他们的生活自立、自理能力。无人监督的工作环境,严明的工作纪律,使学生们更懂得如何自律、自重。从各方反馈的信息我们了解到:几万名学生三次下乡前后两个月,没有发生违反工作纪律的事件,学校没有听到不良的反映。普法宣传活动使学生亲身体会到:要做高素质的新世纪人才,不光要有文化知识,还要有法律知识,同时还要会写、会说、会画。在活动中,许多学生学会了社交、调查、采访、摄影、编辑板报、录制广播节目、宣传演讲和用电脑编制图文并茂的宣传资料。当他们的宣传工作受到群众欢迎时,许多学生由衷地说:我们不仅要有一腔热忱、满腹诗书,还要有一张“铁嘴”、一手好字,并掌握现代信息技术,这样将来才能立足社会……学生返校后,校园电视台新辟的“本周说法”、“道德建设”栏目就是学生们综合素质、尤其是法制意识增强的最好写照。
  原先有一些对学生“带‘法’回家”普法活动不置可否的一些部门领导干部,在看见学生们的社会实践成果汇报时感慨地说:“我们原来认为学生只是走走形式,应付了事,没想到他们的热情是那样高,工作是那样认真,效果又是那样好,大大出乎我们的意料……”家长也激动地说:“感谢学校组织开展这样的活动,让我们重新认识了孩子,找到教育的契机。”社会各界更是盛赞:中学生“带‘法’回家”,一个学生带动一个家庭,一个小组带动一个片区,普及了法律知识,稳定了社会治安,深受群众欢迎,真正做到了“满意在普法,宣传做到家。”

  作者单位:中共福建省大田县委政法委 福建省大田县司法局 大田县人民法院 邮编:366100





对医疗事故鉴定结论证明力分析

刘亚利


  医疗事故鉴定结论是指医学会根据申请人的申请或法院的指定,依据医疗卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规,运用医学科学专门知识和技术手段对医疗纠纷中涉及的专门性问题进行鉴别和判断后所提出的鉴定意见。医疗事故鉴定结论是民事诉讼法规定的法定证据种类之一——鉴定结论的一种,因而法律规范中有关鉴定结论的规定适用于医疗事故鉴定结论。
  我国最高人民法院证据规则肯定了鉴定结论的证据优先地位,由于医疗事故鉴定的准司法性,在医疗事故纠纷案处理实践中,医疗事故鉴定结论的证明力得到强化,于是造成了法官对医疗事故鉴定结论的高度依赖。若医疗事故鉴定结论判定医方负有责任,法院就判医院败诉,甚至鉴定结论认定的过失参与度也成为了判决赔偿额的主要依据。但法的判断与医学判断终归是两个不同领域的判断,法官必须对鉴定人鉴定的正确性做出评价,而不是不加评判地全盘接受。
  由于鉴定结论本质上是言辞证据,而言辞证据必然具有一定的主观性。因而,无论是大陆法系还是英美法系都要求对鉴定结论进行法庭质证。医疗鉴定结论本身技术的复杂性使得鉴定人的推论、说明或解释的主观性表现更强。实践中,经常会出现基于相同的鉴定客体或基础资料,由不同的鉴定人鉴定得出不同的“结论”的情况。既然医疗事故鉴定结论的主观性无法避免,民事诉讼程序就应设计相应的制度和程序保障当事人与鉴定人能够交换不同意见,从而使法官通过辨析对事实乃至法律问题做出正确裁判。
  但我国医疗事故纠纷案司法实践中的做法是:许多地方只出具书面鉴定结论,在法庭上进行宣读,而鉴定人不出庭接受质询。由于双方当事人在专业知识享有上的不对等,患者往往无法发现医疗事故鉴定结论中的技术难点及疑点。当事人对鉴定结论有意见的,法官不是通过对鉴定结论进行询问、交叉询问从而形成自由心证,而是要求当事人申请重新鉴定,以此来达到解决鉴定结论之争的目的。这样,对鉴定结论的质证异议的解释义务就变相地移交到了重新鉴定的鉴定人,重新鉴定的鉴定人成为实质上解决鉴定结论的质证异议的裁判人。而且法律规定本身也支持这样的无休止的鉴定,最高人民法院《关于适用(中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)若干问题的意见》第59条规定:“对鉴定结论有疑问的,人民法院可以指派或者聘请有专门知识的人或者鉴定机构,对案件中的某些专业性问题进行补充鉴定或者重新鉴定。”虽然证据规则第27条对此进行了限定,但实践中,由于法官自身专门知识的缺乏,使得他们对当事人鉴定异议的处理方式,只能是以重新鉴定来回避矛盾,同时根据鉴定机关的等级、鉴定的先后顺序、以及单纯数量上的对比来判断多份鉴定结论的证明力。但是,从成本、效率的角度来看,不断的重复鉴定远不如对鉴定结论进行质询高效,证明力也弱化不少。
  综上,鉴于中国的特殊国情和医疗事故鉴定的特点,我们的制度设计应适应我国多年审判制度改革的趋势——当事人主义与职权主义的相互借鉴,证据法定与自由心证兼而有之;既要重视医疗鉴定的中立性,又要利用直接言辞原则和交叉询问程序最大程度地让法律事实接近客观事实。

国务院办公厅转发外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明的通知(附英文)

国务院


国务院办公厅转发外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明的通知(附英文)

1981年8月3日,国务院

通知
外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明,已经国务院批准,现转发给你们,请参照执行。

说明

《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》(以下简称《暂行规定》)公布后,各审批单位依照《暂行规定》对申请设常驻代表机构的外商进行了审批工作,工商行政管理部门核准了登记,公安机关办理了居留手续,工作进展很快,对外国企业常驻代表机构的管理工作有所加强。但在执行中也遇到了一些问题,需要予以明确或说明。现对《暂行规定》中若干问题说明如下。
一、《暂行规定》第一条中的“其它经济组织”是指从事经济、贸易、技术、金融业务活动,但又不称为公司、企业的组织,还包括如日中经济协会、日本国际贸易促进协会、美中贸易全国委员会、加中贸易理事会等非营利性的经济团体。
二、《暂行规定》第二条;“未经批准、登记的,不得开展常驻业务活动。”是指未经批准、登记的,不得以常驻机构人员的身份从事业务活动;并不准在住处设置外国公司、企业等任何标志。
未经批准登记设立常驻代表机构,擅自以常驻机构人员的身份进行业务活动的,由工商行政管理部门通知其撤销机构并立即停止业务活动。
三、《暂行规定》第三条中外国企业申请设常驻代表机构时应当提交的证件和材料,其中的申请书和授权书必须提交原件;其它证件可提交副本或影印件。“金融机构出具的资本信用证明书”,如外商提交确有困难,可灵活掌握,改为近一年内外商与银行有业务往来的证明即可。
非营利性外国经济团体申请设常驻代表机构时,对《暂行规定》第三条所要求提交的资本信用证明书可以免交。
四、《暂行规定》第四条中的“其它行业”,是指外贸部、中国人民银行、交通部、民航总局批准范围以外的行业,如合作开发石油、煤炭等,按其业务性质,报国务院主管部门批准。
同中国国际贸易促进委员会对口的外国非营利性经济团体申请设常驻代表机构,暂报外贸部审批。外贸部在审批过程中要征求贸促会的意见。
信托投资行业外商申请设常驻代表机构,暂报中国人民银行审批。中国人民银行在审批过程中,要征求中国国际信托投资公司的意见。
五、几个不同行业的外国企业共同申请设一个综合性的常驻代表机构时,向中华人民共和国外国投资管理委员会提出申请,外国投资管理委员会商请有关单位审批。
六、由于当前用房十分紧张,外国企业常驻代表机构的人数、驻在期限,由审批机关根据具体情况,从严控制。住房尚未落实的,不予批准。
一次批准驻在期限最长不超过三年。期满后如需要延长,外国企业应在期满前三个月向审批机关提出申请,经批准后,向工商管理局申请登记。
根据政府间的协定,需要在我国设立的常驻代表(办事)机构,按《暂行规定》办理登记手续,其人数、驻在期限、登记费等,按对等原则处理。
七、批准机关在发给申请单位批准证书的同时,应书面通知工商行政管理总局。工商行政管理部门在登记注册后,应及时通知批准机关,国家外资管委、外交部、公安部、海关总署、财政部税务总局。
属于信托投资行业的外国企业申请设常驻代表机构,在获得批准和登记后,有关部门应同时通知中国国际信托投资公司。
与贸促会对口的非营利性外国经济团体申请设常驻代表机构,在获得批准和登记后,有关部门应同时通知贸促会。
八、《暂行规定》第五条:“逾期没有办理登记手续的,应当缴回原批准证件。”申请人收到批准证件之日起,超过三十天未到工商行政管理部门办理登记手续的,视为自动撤销原申请,已发给的批准证件自动失效,并应缴回原批准机关。
九、《暂行规定》第七条常驻代表机构“驻在地点”的变更,是指在同一城市内地址的变动。但在同一建筑物内房间号的变动,可不视为驻在地点的变更。常驻代表机构应及时将变动情况通知当地有关的主管单位和登记单位。
由于我有关主管部门的要求,需要外国企业常驻代表机构变更驻在地点的,只办理变更登记手续,不收登记费。
十、外国企业常驻代表机构聘请工作人员,应按一九八一年四月六日公安部、外交部、工商行政管理总局、进出口管理委员会、外贸部联合签发的〔81〕公发(政)48号文件规定办理,原则上不得雇用第三国人员和在华没有正式户口的中国人。但如遇特殊情况,经征得当地外事服务部门或劳动部门的同意,也可以聘用第三国公民或港澳地区人员。
十一、一九八○年十二月八日,中华人民共和国工商行政管理总局《关于外国企业常驻代表机构办理登记事项的通知》第四条规定“已经省、市、自治区人民政府或所属主管部门批准的外国企业常驻代表机构或常驻代表”是指国务院一九八○年十月三十日发布《暂行规定》以前批准的外国企业常驻代表机构。《暂行规定》公布以后外国企业申请在华设常驻代表机构,按《暂行规定》办理。
十二、外商申请在北京以外的城市设常驻代表机构,除银行业、航空运输业必须直接向《暂行规定》第四条所列有关主管部门提出申请外,其它行业,应根据其业务性质,分别向所在省、市、自治区的外贸局、交通局或国务院其它主管部、委、局对口的厅、局提出申请,然后由这些部门签署意见,转报《暂行规定》第四条所列有关主管部门审批。
十三、除银行业、航空运输业外,外商申请在广东、福建两省设常驻代表机构的,由省人民政府审批;在深圳、珠海、厦门等经济特区设常驻代表机构的,由省经济特区管理委员会审批。
十四、华侨、港澳同胞、台湾同胞在国外开设的企业要求在国内(包括广东、福建两省及经济特区)设立常驻代表机构,参照《暂行规定》及本说明办理。
十五、《暂行规定》及本说明执行中遇到需要加以解释和解决的问题,由国家外国投资管理委员会负责组织协调处理。

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THETRANSMISSION OF A CLARIFICATION SUBMITTED BY THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMI-NISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTA-TION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS
OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICOF CHINA ON

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE
TRANSMISSION OF A CLARIFICATION SUBMITTED BY THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMI-
NISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTA-
TION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF
FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(August 3, 1981)
The clarification submitted by the Commission for the Administration of
Foreign Investments on several questions on the implementation of "Interim
Provisions of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
Governing Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises", has
been approved by the State Council and is hereby transmitted to you, and
you are requested to implement it accordingly.
A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERIM
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
Since the promulgation of the "Interim Provisions of the State Council of
the People's Republic of China Governing Resident Representative Offices
of Foreign Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Interim
Provisions"), the various examining and approving units have, in
accordance with the "Interim Provisions", examined and approved, the
applications filed by foreign businessmen for the establishment of
resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of
industry and commerce have approved their registration, and the organs of
public security have the performed residence procedures; work in this
respect has made very good progress, and the administrative work
concerning the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises has
been strengthened to some extent. However, in the course of implementing
the "Interim Provisions", there still exist some questions which need to
be defined more sharply or clarified. Now, several questions concerning
the implementation of the "Interim Provisions" are hereby clarified as
follows:
(1) "Other economic organizations", as mentioned in Article 1 of the
"Interim Provisions", refer to those organizations which are engaged in
economic, trade, technological or finance business activities but are not
called companies or enterprises as such, and which also include such
nonprofit economic organizations as the Japanese-Chinese Economic
Association, the Japanese Association for the Promotion of International
Trade, the National Council for American-Chinese Trade Relations, and
Council for Canadian-Chinese Trade Relations.
(2) Article 2 of the "Interim Provisions", which reads: "Those who have
not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures for
registration shall not be permitted to undertake business operations of
resident offices", means that those who have not obtained approval or have
not gone through the procedures for registration shall not be permitted to
undertake business operations in the capacity of the staff of resident
(representative) offices, and neither shall they be permitted to put up
any sign at their residences that represents foreign companies or
enterprises.
With respect to those who undertake unauthorized business operations in
the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices without
going through the proper approval registration procedures for setting up
resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of
industry and commerce shall notify the persons concerned to close down
their resident offices and to stop their business operations forthwith.
(3) With respect to the certifying documents and relevant materials to be
presented by foreign enterprises when applying for the permission to set
up resident representative offices as provided for in Article 3 of the
"Interim Provisions", the written application and the vesting instrument
must be presented in the original and the other certifying documents may
be presented in duplicate or photo copies. As regards "the certificates of
creditworthiness issued by a financial institution", if a foreign
businessman has difficulty providing one, flexibility may be exercised by
requiring the foreign businessman concerned to present certifying
documents indicating business transactions concluded between the foreign
businessman and a bank within the preceding year instead.
When a nonprofit foreign economic organization applies for the permission
to set up its resident representative office, it may be exempt from
presenting the certificate of creditworthiness required in Article 3 of
the "Interim Provisions".
(4) "The other trades", as mentioned in Article 4 of the "Interim
Provisions", refer to those trades such as cooperative exploitation of oil
and coal resources and etc. which are beyond the approving authority of
the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of
Communications, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the
parties concerned shall submit their applications to the competent
departments concerned under the State Council for approval in light of the
nature of their businesses.
With respect to those nonprofit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade, their applications for the permission to set up resident
representative offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the
Ministry of Foreign Trade for examination and approval. In the course of
examination and approval, the Ministry of Foreign Trade shall consult
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.
With respect to foreign businessmen in the trust and investment trade,
their applications for the permission to set up resident representative
offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the People's Bank of
China for examination and approval. In the course of examination and
approval, the People's Bank of China shall consult the China International
Trust and Investment Corporation.
(5) In the event that several foreign enterprises of different trades
jointly apply for the permission to set up a comprehensive resident
representative office, they shall submit their application to the
Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments of the People's
Republic of China, and the latter shall examine and approve the
application in consultation with the relevant units.
(6) Owing to the serious shortage of housing at present, a strict control
shall be exercised, by the examining and approving organ in accordance
with the specific conditions, over the number of staff of the proposed
resident representative offices of foreign enterprises and over the
duration of residence. An application for the setting up of a resident
representative office shall not be approved if the problem of housing has
not been solved. The maximum duration of residence, approved on each
occasion, shall not exceed 3 years. On the expiration of this prescribed
period, if it is necessary to have an extension, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall submit anew its application to the examining and approving
organ 3 months before the expiration of the original prescribed duration
of residence. And, after obtaining the approval, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall apply to the department for the administration of industry
and commerce for registration. If resident representative offices are to
be set up in China in accordance with agreement between the Chinese
government and foreign governments, the foreign enterprises concerned
shall go through the procedures for registration in accordance with the
"Interim Provisions", and the number of staff of the proposed resident
representative office, the duration of residence, the registration fees,
etc., shall be handled according to the principle of reciprocity.
(7) The approving organ, while issuing the certificate of approval to the
applying unit, shall notify in writing the case to the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce. The departments for the
administration of industry and Commerce shall, after the foreign
enterprise concerned has gone through the registration procedures, notify
without delay the case to the State Commission for the Administration of
Foreign Investments, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of
Public Security, the Customs General Administration, and the State Tax
Bureau under the Ministry of Finance. With respect to foreign enterprises
in the trust and investment trade which apply for the permission to set up
their resident representative offices, after they have obtained the
approval and have gone through the registration procedures, the department
concerned shall at the same time notify the case to the China
International Trust and Investment Corporation.
With respect to those nonprofit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade and apply for the permission to set up their resident representative
offices, after they have obtained approval and have gone through the
registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time
notify the case to the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade.
(8) Article 5 of the "Interim Provisions" reads: "Those who have failed to
go through the procedures for registration within the prescribed time
limit, shall return the original certificate of approval". An applicant
shall go through the procedures for registration with the department for
the administration of industry and commerce within 30 days from the day
he/she has received the certificate; if he/she has failed to do so within
prescribed time limit, he/she shall be considered to have withdrawn
automatically the original application, and the certificate of approval
already issued to him/her shall become invalid automatically, and he/she
shall be required to return the certificate of approval to the original
approving organ.
(9) The change of "the location of resident office", as mentioned in
Article 7 of the "Interim Provisions", refers to the change effected
within the same city. However, the change of room number within the same
building shall not be considered as a change of the location of resident
office. The resident representative office concerned is required to
notify, without delay, the case of change of the location of resident
office to the local competent department concerned and also to the
department for registration. In case that the resident representative
office of a foreign enterprise has to change its location at the request
of the competent department concerned of China, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall be required to go through the procedures for the
registration of the change without paying any registration fees.
(10) If the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise wishes
to employ staff members, the case shall be handled in accordance with the
provisions in Document No. 48, signed and issued jointly, in 1981, by the
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Commission for the
Administration of Imports and Exports, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade;
and, in principle, no individual of a third country or Chinese without
regular registered residence in China shall be hired. However, in special
cases, citizens of a third country or individuals from the areas of Hong
Kong and Macao may be engaged with the approval of the local department of
service for foreign affairs and of the labour department.
(11) Article 4 of "Circular Concerning Registration of Resident
Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises" promulgated by the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China
on December 8, 1980, provides: "the resident representative offices, or
the resident representatives, of foreign enterprises approved by the
competent departments of the people's governments of the province,
municipality directly under the Central Government, and autonomous region"
refer to the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises
approved before the promulgation of the "Interim Provisions" by the State
Council on October 30, 1980. Applications for the setting up of resident
representative offices submitted by foreign enterprises after the
promulgation of the "Interim Provisions" shall be handled in accordance
with the "Interim Provisions".
(12) In the event that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set up
resident representative offices in cities other than Beijing, with the
exception of such trades as banking or air transportation - the
applications shall be submitted directly to the competent departments
listed in Article 4 of the "Interim Provisions", all other trades shall,
in light of the nature of their respective businesses, apply accordingly
to the local bureau of foreign trade or bureau of communications of the
province, municipality directly under the Central Government, or
autonomous region, or to the departments or bureaus in the localities,
which have a direct business relationship with the ministries, commissions
or bureaus under the State Council; and the aforesaid departments shall,
in turn, write their comments on the written applications and forward
same, for examination and approval, to the competent departments concerned
listed in Article 4 of the "Interim Provisions".
(13) With the exception of such trades as banking and air transportation,
in case that foreign businessmen apply for the permission to set up
resident representative offices in the two provinces of Guangdong and
Fujian, their applications shall be submitted to the provincial
governments for examination and approval. In case that resident
representative offices are to be set up in the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen
Special Economic Zones, the applications shall be submitted for
examination and approval to the provincial committee for the
administration of special economic zones.
(14) If enterprises established and run abroad by overseas Chinese, by
compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, wish to set up resident
representative offices in China
(including Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and the special economic zones),
their applications shall be dealt with reference to the "Interim
Provisions" and this Clarification.
(15) Should problems arise in the course of the execution of the "Interim
Provisions" and of this Clarification, and that explanation and solutions
are called for, they shall be handled through coordination and
consultation by the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign
Investments.